Cardiac Stent: Benefits and How It Works

A heart stent is a life-saving device that has transformed the treatment of coronary artery disease. These small, tube-shaped devices help open up clogged arteries, ensuring smooth blood flow to the heart muscle. However, while many people are familiar with the term, the detailed benefits, heart stent procedure, and various types of cardiac stents remain less understood. In this blog, we'll explore the workings of a heart stent, explain how heart stent surgery is done, and explore its benefits while also shedding light on the critical role of health insurance from Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company in covering the costs of such procedures.

What is a Cardiac Stent?

A cardiac stent is a small mesh tube that is placed within a narrowed or blocked artery to keep it open. This tube, made from materials like metal or biodegradable substances, acts as a scaffold to support the arterial walls, allowing blood to flow more freely. Heart stents are typically used during a procedure known as angioplasty, where a balloon is inflated to push plaque against the artery walls, followed by stent placement to maintain the artery’s widened state. These stents play a critical role in treating coronary artery disease, which can lead to severe conditions like heart attacks if left unchecked.

Types of Cardiac Stents

There are several types of cardiac stents available today, each designed for specific medical needs. Here’s a closer look:

1. Bare Metal Stents (Nickel-Titanium Alloy, Stainless Steel, or Cobalt-Chromium)

These are the traditional heart stents made of metal mesh. They offer durability and strength but may have a higher risk of the artery re-narrowing due to scar tissue formation.

2. Drug-Eluting Stents

These stents are coated with medication that is slowly released over time. The drug prevents scar tissue from developing, which helps in reducing the chances of re-blockage. They are among the most commonly used types of cardiac stents today.

3. Biodegradable Stents

Unlike metal stents, these stents dissolve over time. They are ideal for patients who may not need a permanent stent and want to avoid having a long-term foreign object in their bodies.

4. Polyester Fabric and Metal Stents

Often used for larger arteries, these stents are made of a combination of fabric and metal, providing extra support for bigger blood vessels.

5. Silicone Stents

These stents are primarily used to keep airways open in the lungs but can also be applied to specific cases within cardiac procedures.

Procedure for Stent Placement

The heart stent procedure is a minimally invasive process, usually performed under local anaesthesia. Below are the key steps involved:

1. Incision and Access

The procedure begins with a small incision made in the groin, wrist, or arm, where a catheter is inserted.

2. Guiding the Catheter

The catheter is navigated through the blood vessels using imaging technology until it reaches the blocked or narrowed artery.

3. Balloon Inflation

Once positioned, a small balloon at the catheter's tip is inflated, pushing the plaque against the artery walls and expanding the passage.

4. Stent Placement

The stent, placed over the balloon, is then expanded within the artery.

5. Balloon Deflation and Removal

The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the cardiac stent behind to keep the artery open.

6. Monitoring and Post-Procedure Care

Patients are monitored to ensure no complications arise, with follow-up medications like blood thinners prescribed to prevent clots.

Benefits of Cardiac Stenting

The benefits of heart stent surgery extend beyond merely opening up blocked arteries. Here are the major advantages:

1. Improved Blood Flow

The primary benefit is the restoration of blood flow, reducing symptoms like chest pain and shortness of breath.

2. Reduced Risk of Heart Attacks

By preventing further blockages, stenting can lower the risk of heart attacks in the future.

3. Minimally Invasive

Compared to open-heart surgery, this procedure is far less invasive, leading to quicker recovery times.

4. Durable Results

Drug-eluting stents significantly reduce the chances of restenosis (re-narrowing of the artery), improving long-term outcomes.

Risks and Complications

While heart stent procedures are generally safe, there are potential risks involved with stents placed in the heart:

1. Blood Clots: Clots can form at the stent site, necessitating long-term medication.
2. Infection: There is a risk of infection at the incision site or within the blood vessels.
3. Restenosis: Although less common with drug-eluting stents, arteries can still re-narrow over time.
4. Allergic Reactions: Some patients may experience allergic reactions to the stent materials or the drugs used.

Alternatives to Cardiac Stenting

Not all blockages require stenting. Some alternatives include

1. Medication: For less severe cases, drugs to manage cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood thinning may suffice.
2. Lifestyle Changes: Diet, exercise, and quitting smoking can help manage coronary artery disease without the need for stents.
3. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): For multiple blockages, open-heart surgery may be recommended instead of stenting.

Cost and Insurance Considerations

The cost of heart stent surgery varies depending on factors like the type of stent used and the complexity of the procedure. Health insurance from Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company can significantly ease the financial burden. Insurance typically covers preoperative consultations, the procedure itself, and post-operative care, making it a crucial part of the overall treatment plan.

Conclusion

Cardiac stents have transformed the treatment of coronary artery disease by offering a less invasive yet highly effective solution for blocked arteries. The variety of stents available ensures that treatment can be tailored to individual patient needs. Alongside the medical benefits, health insurance plans from Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company play an important role in managing the costs associated with heart stent procedures. With proper care, a heart stent can help patients regain their quality of life and enjoy many more heart-healthy years.

FAQs

Why is a cardiac stent needed?

A cardiac stent is needed when there is significant blockage in the coronary arteries, leading to restricted blood flow, which can cause chest pain or even heart attacks. The stent keeps the artery open, allowing blood to flow freely.

What should I expect during recovery from a cardiac stent procedure?

Most patients can resume normal activities within a week. It’s essential to follow medical advice regarding medications, diet, and exercise to ensure a smooth recovery.

How long does a cardiac stent last?

While most stents are designed to be permanent, drug-eluting stents can last for many years, providing long-term relief from blockages.

What are the alternatives to cardiac stenting?

Alternatives include medication, lifestyle changes, and, in more severe cases, bypass surgery.

Are there any lifestyle changes needed after getting a cardiac stent?

Yes, maintaining a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, managing stress, and quitting smoking is vital for long-term heart health.

How often should I have follow-up appointments after getting a cardiac stent?

Follow-up appointments are generally scheduled within the first month, followed by periodic check-ups every six months to monitor the stent and overall heart health *Standard T&C Apply **Disclaimer: The content on this page is generic and shared only for informational and explanatory purposes. It is based on several secondary sources on the internet and is subject to changes. Please consult an expert before making any related decisions. ***Insurance is the subject matter of solicitation. For more details on benefits, exclusions, limitations, terms, and conditions, please read the sales brochure/policy wording carefully before concluding a sale. ****The information presented is not meant to be a substitute for medical advice. Any suggestions mentioned should be considered for general use only. For expert guidance on any health ailment or medical issue or any treatment/procedure, please consult a certified medical professional.