Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Prevention, and Treatment

Cervical cancer is a critical health concern affecting millions of women worldwide. This type of cancer develops in the cervix—the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Early detection and treatment significantly improve outcomes, making awareness about cervical cancer causes, symptoms, and preventive measures essential. In this blog, we explore the types, causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cervical cancer, along with steps you can take to minimise risk and maintain good health.

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the cervix. Most cases of cervical cancer are linked to persistent infections with high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV). Left untreated, these cells can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body, making early intervention vital.

Types of Cervical Cancer

1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Originates in the thin, flat cells lining the outer part of the cervix.
• Accounts for 70-90% of cervical cancer cases.

2. Adenocarcinoma

• Begins in the glandular cells lining the cervical canal.
• Less common but more challenging to detect.

3. Mixed Carcinoma

Rare cases combining squamous and glandular cell features.

Causes and Risk Factors

1. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

Primary cause of cervical cancer.

2. Weakened Immune System

Increases susceptibility to infections, including HPV.

3. Smoking

Linked to squamous cell cervical cancer.

4. Early Sexual Activity

Increases exposure to HPV.

5. Multiple Sexual Partners

Raises the risk of contracting HPV.

6. Long-Term Use of Birth Control Pills

Associated with higher cervical cancer risk.

7. Family History

A genetic predisposition may increase the risk.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

1. Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding

Between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause.

2. Unusual Vaginal Discharge

Watery, bloody, or foul-smelling.

3. Pelvic Pain

Persistent or during intercourse.

4. Pain During Urination

May indicate advanced-stage cancer.

5. Fatigue and Weight Loss

Common as the disease progresses. Also Read: Folliculitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Effective Treatments

Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer

1. Surgery

Removal of cancerous tissue or the entire cervix.

2. Radiation Therapy

Targets and destroys cancer cells with high-energy rays.

3. Chemotherapy

Uses drugs to kill or shrink cancer cells.

4. Targeted Therapy

Focuses on specific cancer cell mechanisms.

5. Immunotherapy

Boosts the immune system to combat cancer cells.

Preventive Measures

1. HPV Vaccination

Protects against high-risk HPV strains.

2. Regular Screening

Pap smears and HPV tests detect precancerous changes.

3. Safe Sexual Practices

Use condoms to reduce HPV transmission.

4. Quit Smoking

Lowers cervical cancer risk.

5. Healthy Diet

Boosts the immune system to fight infections.

6. Limited Use of Oral Contraceptives

Consult your doctor for alternatives.

Also Read: Endometriosis: Symptoms, Types, Complications, Diagnosis

Conclusion

Cervical cancer is a preventable and treatable condition when detected early. Understanding the causes of cervical cancer, recognising symptoms, and adopting preventive measures can make a significant difference. Regular screenings and HPV vaccination are critical tools in reducing the risk. Taking proactive steps to protect your health is essential. Additionally, health insurance plans offered by Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company provide financial support for medical treatments, ensuring peace of mind during challenging times.

FAQs

What is the role of the HPV vaccine in cervical cancer prevention?

The HPV vaccine protects against high-risk HPV strains, significantly reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

How often should women get screened for cervical cancer?

Women aged 21-65 should undergo Pap smears every three years or an HPV test every five years, depending on their healthcare provider’s recommendations.

How is cervical cancer diagnosed?

Cervical cancer is diagnosed through screening tests like Pap smears, HPV tests, and biopsies to confirm abnormal cell growth.

What should I do if I have been diagnosed with cervical cancer?

Seek immediate medical advice to determine the stage of cancer and discuss treatment options such as surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.

Are there any alternative treatments for cervical cancer?

While conventional treatments are most effective, some patients explore complementary therapies like acupuncture or dietary changes. Always consult your doctor before considering alternatives.

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