Dengue Fever: Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors and More

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, transmitted primarily through the bites of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. These mosquitoes are active during daylight, making prevention efforts vital. The disease ranges from mild to severe, with some cases escalating to dengue hemorrhagic fever, which can be life-threatening. While there is no specific antiviral treatment, early diagnosis and management significantly improve outcomes.

Causes of Dengue Fever

The primary causes of dengue fever include:

1. Mosquito Bites

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes carry the dengue virus.

2. Infected Mosquitoes

They become carriers after biting an infected person.

3. Environmental Factors

Stagnant water in urban areas provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

4. Lack of Awareness

Limited knowledge of prevention measures increases exposure risks.

Signs and Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Identifying dengue fever symptoms early is essential for timely treatment. Common symptoms include:

1. High Fever: Sudden onset, often exceeding 104°F (40°C).
2. Severe Headache: Concentrated pain behind the eyes.
3. Joint and Muscle Pain: Often referred to as "breakbone fever" due to its intensity.
4. Skin Rash: Appears 2–5 days after fever onset.
5. Fatigue: Persistent exhaustion and lethargy.
6. Nausea and Vomiting: Common in moderate to severe cases.
7. Mild Bleeding: Nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or easy bruising in severe cases.

Stages of Dengue Fever

Dengue fever progresses through three stages:

1. Febrile Phase

Sudden high fever, dehydration, and flu-like symptoms.

2. Critical Phase

Occurs around the third to seventh day; risk of severe complications like internal bleeding and organ damage.

3. Recovery Phase

Gradual improvement, with persistent fatigue for days or weeks.

Diagnosis and Tests for Dengue Fever

Timely diagnosis is critical for managing dengue fever effectively. Below is an overview of the tests:

Dengue Fever Treatment and Recovery

While no specific antiviral medication exists, these steps help manage dengue fever treatment and recovery:

1. Hydration

Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.

2. Fever Management

Use paracetamol to control fever (avoid aspirin or ibuprofen).

3. Rest

Essential for recovery during all stages of dengue.

4. Medical Monitoring

Regularly check platelet counts and other vital signs.

5. Hospitalisation

Severe cases may require intravenous fluids and supportive care.

How to Prevent Dengue Fever

Prevention is key to controlling the spread of dengue fever. Follow these tips:

1. Eliminate Standing Water: Remove stagnant water from containers, pots, and drains.
2. Use Mosquito Nets: Especially effective while sleeping during the day.
3. Wear Protective Clothing: Cover arms and legs with long-sleeved clothes.
4. Apply Mosquito Repellents: Use products containing DEET or picaridin.
5. Install Screens: Fit windows and doors with fine mesh to block mosquitoes.
6. Community Efforts: Participate in local initiatives to control mosquito breeding.

Conclusion

Dengue fever is a preventable disease, but it requires proactive measures to mitigate risks. Recognising early signs of dengue, maintaining hygiene, and adopting preventive practices can significantly reduce the spread. Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company offers comprehensive health insurance plans, ensuring financial support during health emergencies, including those related to dengue fever.

FAQs

Are there any vaccines available for dengue fever?

Yes, vaccines like Dengvaxia are available but are recommended only for individuals with prior dengue infection and in specific age groups.

How does dengue fever affect children and pregnant women?

Children may experience severe symptoms, including dehydration and bleeding. Pregnant women face increased risks, such as premature birth and severe dengue complications.

Can dengue fever be cured at home?

Mild cases can be managed at home with rest, hydration, and fever control, but severe symptoms require medical attention.

What should I eat during dengue recovery?

Consume nutrient-rich foods like papaya leaves, citrus fruits, and protein sources to boost immunity and recovery.

How is dengue fever transmitted?

It is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, not through direct person-to-person contact.

Is dengue fever contagious?

No, dengue fever is not contagious. It spreads only through mosquito bites.

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