Haemorrhages: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

A haemorrhage is a medical condition characterised by excessive bleeding due to damage in blood vessels. It can occur inside the body (internal haemorrhage) or externally (external haemorrhage) through wounds or body openings. The severity can vary from minor cases like a bruise to major conditions like a brain bleed, which can be life-threatening. Knowing the causes of haemorrhage, recognising the symptoms, and understanding haemorrhage treatment options are vital for preventing complications.

Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company offers health insurance plans that cover medical emergencies like haemorrhages, helping you manage sudden, high medical costs during such critical times.

Let’s understand more about its types, treatments, causes, etc.

Types of Hemorrhage

Haemorrhages can occur in different parts of the body, each with unique characteristics. Here are the main types you should know:

1. Hemothorax

This is a condition in which blood accumulates between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural space). This can compress the lungs, causing difficulty breathing and chest pain.

2. Intracranial Hemorrhage (Brain Bleed)

An intracranial haemorrhage involves bleeding inside the skull, which can occur in the brain itself or between the layers of tissue that cover it. It’s a critical condition that can lead to severe brain damage or death if not treated promptly.

3. Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)

PPH is a serious condition where excessive bleeding occurs after childbirth. This haemorrhage can happen immediately after delivery or even weeks later and is a leading cause of maternal mortality.

4. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

This involves bleeding between the brain and the thin tissues covering it, often caused by a ruptured aneurysm. It’s a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.

5. Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

This is a minor haemorrhage in the whites of the eye, usually caused by a broken blood vessel. While it may look alarming, it’s typically harmless and resolves independently.

Causes of Hemorrhage

Understanding the causes of haemorrhage is essential to manage and prevent this condition. Here are the primary causes:

Trauma

• Accidents (car crashes, falls)
• Sports injuries
• Gunshot wounds
• Surgical complications

Medical Conditions

• Blood clotting disorders like haemophilia
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Brain aneurysms
• Liver disease
• Cancer

Other Causes

• Excessive use of blood thinners (e.g., warfarin)
• Viral infections like dengue and Ebola
• Alcohol misuse
• Complications from certain medications

Symptoms of Hemorrhage

The symptoms of haemorrhage vary depending on the type and severity of bleeding. Common signs include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Rapid heart rate
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue and weakness
• Nausea and vomiting
• Confusion or disorientation
• Seizures (for brain haemorrhages)
• Sudden, severe headaches
• Visible bruising or swelling (for external haemorrhages)

If any of these symptoms appear suddenly, immediate medical attention is crucial.

Diagnosis of Haemorrhage

Accurate diagnosis is critical for effective haemorrhage treatment. Let’s take a look at the common diagnostic procedures:

These tests help locate the source of the bleeding and determine the severity of the haemorrhage.

Treatment Options for Haemorrhage

Haemorrhage treatment depends on the type, location, and severity of the bleeding. Below are the common approaches:

• Medications: Anticoagulants, antihypertensives, and vitamin K are used to manage bleeding and treat the underlying cause.
• Surgical Interventions: Emergency surgeries like craniotomy, endovascular procedures, or abdominal surgeries may be necessary to stop internal bleeding.
• Home Care and Lifestyle Changes: For minor haemorrhages, home care, like applying pressure, elevation, and cold compresses, can help control bleeding. Lifestyle adjustments, such as managing blood pressure and reducing alcohol intake, are preventive measures.

Prevention of Hemorrhage

Preventive steps can help reduce the risk of haemorrhages. Here are some tips:

• Regular monitoring and management of blood pressure
• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and smoking
• Using protective gear (helmets, seatbelts) to prevent trauma
• Maintaining a healthy diet and weight to lower the risk of chronic diseases
• Regular health check-ups for those with high-risk conditions like blood disorders

Conclusion

Haemorrhages are life-threatening conditions that require timely intervention. From understanding the causes of haemorrhage to recognising the symptoms and opting for appropriate haemorrhage treatment, being informed is key to managing these situations effectively. Whether it's a brain bleed, a subarachnoid haemorrhage, or a postpartum haemorrhage, early diagnosis and treatment can make a significant difference.

A comprehensive health insurance plan from Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Company can provide the coverage needed during such emergencies, ensuring access to timely and quality healthcare.

Always be prepared, stay informed, and prioritise your health.

FAQs

When should I seek emergency medical help for haemorrhage?

Seek immediate help if you experience uncontrolled bleeding, severe headaches, confusion, or symptoms of shock such as dizziness, rapid pulse, or fainting.

What are the most common diagnostic tests for haemorrhage?

CT scans, MRIs, and blood tests are commonly used to diagnose haemorrhages and determine the extent of the bleeding.

How effective are non-surgical treatments for haemorrhage?

Non-surgical treatments, including medications and lifestyle changes, can effectively manage minor haemorrhages. However, severe cases often require surgical interventions.

How do medications impact the risk of haemorrhage?

Medications like blood thinners can increase the risk of haemorrhage, especially in people with pre-existing conditions. Regular monitoring and dosage adjustments are crucial.

How does trauma-related haemorrhage differ from haemorrhage caused by medical conditions?

Trauma-related haemorrhages are sudden and often external, while those caused by medical conditions may develop gradually and can be internal.

How does haemorrhage affect different age groups?

Hemorrhages in older adults are often linked to high blood pressure and degenerative diseases, while in children, they may result from congenital issues or trauma.

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